Prawne instrumenty ochrony środowiska przed skutkami nadmiernej chemizacji w rolnictwie na przykładzie regulacji środków ochrony roślin

Chemical plant protection products used in agricultural production have an impact on human health and life, but also undeniably on the state of individual elements of the environment, including biodiversity. Pollinating insects are representative of the animal world particularly sensitive to modern environmental threats generated by agriculture. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the legal regulation relating to plant protection products, made in terms of preventing excessive chemisation in agriculture, and consequently ensuring food safety. The subject of the study are the legal conditions for the admission and use of substances that ensure simultaneous benefits for plant production, in the absence of harmful effects on human and animal health and unacceptable effects on the environment. Particular attention has been paid to the authorization, on special terms, of preparations containing neonicotinoids.Chemiczne środki ochrony roślin stosowane przy produkcji rolnej mają wpływ nie tylko na zdrowie i życie ludzi, lecz także niezaprzeczalnie na stan poszczególnych elementów środowiska, w tym różnorodności biologicznej. Przedstawicielem świata zwierząt, szczególnie wrażliwym na współczesne zagrożenia środowiskowe generowane przez rolnictwo, są owady zapylające. Celem opracowania jest analiza i ocena regulacji prawnej odnoszącej się do środków ochrony roślin, dokonana pod kątem przeciwdziałania nadmiernej chemizacji w rolnictwie, a w konsekwencji zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żywności. Przedmiotem badań są prawne warunki dopuszczenia do obrotu i stosowania substancji zapewniających jednoczesne korzyści dla produkcji roślinnej przy braku szkodliwego wpływu na zdrowie ludzi i zwierząt oraz niedopuszczalnego wpływu na środowisko. Uwaga została poświęcona zwłaszcza dopuszczeniu do obrotu, na zasadach szczególnych, środków zawierających neonikotynoidy

Spirit possession and emotional suffering in "The Tale of Genji" and its selected adaptations : a study of love triangle between Prince Genji, Lady Aoi and Lady Rokujō

The Tale of Genji, renowned novel written by lady Murasaki Shikibu in the beginning of the 11th century, continues to inspire various artists through the centuries. Many motifs have been adopted or reinterpreted within other works of art, yet the scene of spirit possession - when wife of prince Genji, lady Aoi, is possessed by the spirit of her lover, lady Rokujō - seems to be exceptionally inspiring. This article traces those adaptations of The Tale, where the possession is highly signi- ficant: including classic nō play, modern nō play and film versions. The relations between the characters are carefully investigated, along with their emotions and motives: both in the original text and its adaptations. The key conclusion shows that in all analysed works it is not the actual possession and its mechanism that matters the most, it if for the emotions of the characters, their development and complicated relations with one another

The therapeutic aspects of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) for cancer and their development: from nature to laboratory

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors, which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues. ECS regulates various cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system functions inside cells. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence for the use of synthetic and natural cannabinoids as potential anticancer agents. For instance, the CB1 and CB2 receptors are assumed to play an important role inside the endocannabinoid system. These receptors are abundantly expressed in the brain and fatty tissue of the human body. Despite recent developments in molecular biology, there is still a lack of knowledge about the distribution of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the human kidney and their role in kidney cancer. To address this gap, we explore and demonstrate the role of the endocannabinoid system in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this brief overview, we elucidate the therapeutic aspects of the endocannabinoid system for various cancers and explain how this system can be used for treating kidney cancer. Overall, this review provides new insights into cannabinoids' mechanisms of action in both in vivo and in vitro models, and focuses on recent discoveries in the field

The Analysis of Consumers\u27 Preferences with the Application of Multivariate Models : Hedonic Regression and Multidimensional Scaling

On durable goods markets declared behaviours of buyers rarley leads to the actual purchasing decisions. This fact poses a particular challenge for the analysis of the future reactions of consumers to the elements of the marketing mix. This study attempts to combine the results obtained from multidimensional scaling and hedonic modelling to assess both stated and revealed preferences with respect to the attributes attributes of a specific durable good, namely a smartphone. The assessment of consumers’ declared behaviours was obtained by analysing data from an on-line survey study with the application of multidimensional scaling. Simultaneously, the estimated hedonic model provided the information on consumers’ revealed preferences. The combined use of both approaches allowed for broader insight into the issue of consumers’ behaviours, particularly in relation to the existing market offer

THE APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO THE VALUATION OF DURABLE GOODS BRANDS

Nowadays, due to changes in the market and new trends in consumer behaviours, intangible assets, such as brand, have gained fundamental importance. The more frequent conviction that a product with a well-known name is better than other products contributes to the case of replacing the price of a product by its brand name as the predominant factor in the purchase decision process. Thus, for many companies the strengthening of brand equity has become one of the key elements of marketing strategy. The main aim of this study is an attempt to improve the process of analysing the position and value of brands using selected multivariate statistical analysis methods (hedonic regression, multidimensional scaling, classification and linear ordination methods). In the conducted research the direct approach to the evaluation of the position of the brands for a selected ICT good – smartphones – have been applied. The measurement was performed on two levels: the product level, in which the prices of branded products were compared, and the consumer level, where the perception and attitudes of consumers towards the brands were studied. The analyses have been carried out on two sets of data, which enabled fuller and more comprehensible understanding of decision rules that guide consumers in choosing the brand

Krótki szkic o podróżowaniu śląskich kobiet

Artykuł poświęcony jest motywom podróży Ślązaczek na obszarze Górnego Śląska w XIX i XX wieku. Autorka zwraca uwagę na kontekst kulturowy podróżowania i podaje egzemplifikacje wojaży śląskich kobiet. Przybliża też sylwetkę śląskiej kobiety, która wbrew pozorom niejednokrotnie opuszczała domostwo z walizką w ręku

Polskie dwudziestowieczne przekłady "Fausta I" Johanna Wolfganga Goethego - analiza porównawcza

Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, die polnischen Übersetzungen des Faust I zu interpretieren und zu vergleichen. Der komparatistischen Analyse wurden sowohl die literarischen Konzepte, als auch die ästhetische Komposition unterzogen. Im zweitem Kapitel ist auf die Frage der Spezifik des literarischen Kunstwerkes und der literarischen Übersetzung eingegangen. Jedes literarische Kunstwerk wie seine Übertragung sind für sich neue Gattungen, die in der Wechselbeziehung stehen. Die Übersetzung befindet sich „neben” dem Original, nicht „anstatt”. Sie kreiert „dieselbe andere Wirklichkeit”. Darauf folgen die Analysen. Im Kapitel 3 und 4 dieser Abhandlung wurden Inhaltsplan (Verbildlichungdimension) und Form als Mittel der Intertextualität (Versformen, Reimstrukturen) untersucht. Transformiert ist nicht nur der Inhalt, sondern das, was sein Gefühls- und Erkenntnisentsprechung ist (ontologischer Art). Hier besteht Schwierigkeit: die Konnotationen, die das Werk erweckt, sind schwer zu enträtseln. Neben den auf den ersten Blick feststellbaren Konnotationen existieren noch diese, die im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Text und dem Leser entstehen, diese die schwer zu strukturalisieren sind, die sich in ein bestimmtes Schema nicht einpassen. Abschließend gilt es besonders die Tatsache hervorzuheben, dass die polnischen Übersetzungen als Interpretation, als assimilierender Casus betrachtet werden. Celem dysertacji jest zaprezentowanie całościowej analizy semantycznej i formalnej (estetycznej) "Fausta I" oraz polskich dwudziestowiecznych przekładów. Realizacja tego celu pozwoliła na stworzenie systematycznego i wyczerpującego opisu idei, fenomenów, zjawisk rzeczywistości przedstawionej i paradygmatów estetycznych w tekście wyjściowym oraz jego polskich transformacjach, wraz z ich wzajemnymi relacjami intertekstualnymi oraz wyodrębniła przekład literacki jako autonomiczny gatunek literacki. Niniejsza praca pokazuje, jak przekład literacki istnieje „obok” oryginału i „obok” innych przekładów w serii przekładowej na zasadzie wykonania utworu muzycznego. Przekład nie istnieje zatem „zamiast”, lecz jest kontynuacją oryginału, każdorazowo stwarza na nowo rzeczywistość oryginału i za każdym razem mamy „inny – ten sam” utwór, „inną – tę samą” realność i w końcu różnorodność w jedności. Fakt ten świadczy o tym, że przekład rzadko bywa transparentny

Antibody response to DNA vaccine against H5N1 avian influenza virus in broilers immunized according to three schedules.

Broiler type chickens were immunized intramuscularly with a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from H5N1 avian influenza virus. The chickens were divided into four groups: control group which was not immunized, a group which obtained only one dose, and two groups which were immunized twice, one group with a boost two weeks after the priming and the other four weeks. Blood samples were collected at several time points and the dynamics of the humoral response to the vaccine was studied. High level of anti-HA antibodies was detected only in the last two groups, that is in chickens immunized according to the prime-boost strategy, regardless of the schedule. An additional interesting observation of this study was detection of the cross-reactivity of an anti-H5 HA positive serum with H5N2 and H1N1 viruses, suggesting that the DNA vaccine tested can induce antibodies of a broad specificity

Just do it? When to do what you judge you ought to do

While it is generally believed that justification is a fallible guide to the truth, there might be interesting exceptions to this general rule. In recent work on bridge-principles, an increasing number of authors have argued that truths about what a subject ought to do are truths we stand in some privileged epistemic relation to and that our justified normative beliefs are beliefs that will not lead us astray. If these bridge-principles hold, it suggests that justification might play an interesting role in our normative theories. In turn, this might help us understand the value of justification, a value that's notoriously difficult to understand if we think of justification as but a fallible means to a desired end. We will argue that these bridge-principles will be incredibly difficult to defend. While we do not think that normative facts necessarily stand in any interesting relationship to our justified beliefs about them, there might well be a way of defending the idea that our justified beliefs about what to do won't lead us astray. In turn, this might help us understand the value of justification, but this way of thinking about justification and its value comes with costs few would be willing to pay